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JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... 2019Placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, provide thermo-regulation to the fetus, waste elimination, and gas...
INTRODUCTION
Placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, provide thermo-regulation to the fetus, waste elimination, and gas exchange. The present study was undertaken to look for mean birth weight and placental weight among deliveries in a tertiary care hospital.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Ethical clearance was taken from institutional review comittee of hospital. Mothers with term and preterm gestation, their infants and the placentas were the subjects for the study. The study was conducted on 158 term and preterm deliveries. Placental weight, birth weight, gestational age, neonates' gender, weight, length and head circumference were recorded.
RESULTS
The mean of weight of total 158 placentas was 449.24±82.07 g and the mean of birth weights was 2872.84±478.88 g. Out of 158 deliveries, 138 (87.4%) babies were of term gestation and 20 (12.6%) babies were preterm.
CONCLUSIONS
Mean birth weight and placental weights are similar to that found on similar studies done on other hospitals. Knowing the mean placental weight and birth weight which relates to different functional dimensions of placenta and baby growth helps for further evaluation of placenta and baby.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Nepal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 32329466
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.3660 -
Journal of Developmental Origins of... Apr 2017Low birth weight is associated with adverse health outcomes. If birth weight records are not available, studies may use recalled birth weight. It is unclear whether this... (Review)
Review
Low birth weight is associated with adverse health outcomes. If birth weight records are not available, studies may use recalled birth weight. It is unclear whether this is reliable. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing recalled with recorded birth weights. We followed the Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) to May 2015. We included studies that reported recalled birth weight and recorded birth weight. We excluded studies investigating a clinical population. Two reviewers independently reviewed citations, extracted data, assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis for correlation and mean difference. In total, 40 studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis (n=78,997 births from 78,196 parents). Agreement between recalled and recorded birth weight was high: pooled estimate of correlation in 23 samples from 19 studies (n=7406) was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-0.93]. The difference between recalled and recorded birth weight in 29 samples from 26 studies (n=29,293) was small [range -86-129 g; random effects estimate 1.4 g (95% CI -4.0-6.9 g)]. Studies were heterogeneous, with no evidence for an effect of time since birth, person reporting, recall bias, or birth order. In post-hoc subgroup analysis, recall was higher than recorded birth weight by 80 g (95% CI 57-103 g) in low and middle income countries. In conclusion, there is high agreement between recalled and recorded birth weight. If birth weight is recalled, it is suitable for use in epidemiological studies, at least in high income countries.
Topics: Birth Weight; Humans; Medical Records
PubMed: 27776565
DOI: 10.1017/S2040174416000581 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Jun 2015Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with... (Review)
Review
Accompanying the beneficial improvement in litter size from genetic selection for high-prolificacy sows, within-litter variation in birth weight has increased with detrimental effects on post-natal growth and survival due to an increase in the proportion of piglets with low birth-weight. Causes of within-litter variation in birth weight include breed characteristics that affect uterine space, ovulation rate, degree of maturation of oocytes, duration of time required for ovulation, interval between ovulation and fertilization, uterine capacity for implantation and placentation, size and efficiency of placental transport of nutrients, communication between conceptus/fetus and maternal systems, as well as nutritional status and environmental influences during gestation. Because these factors contribute to within-litter variation in birth weight, nutritional status of the sow to improve fetal-placental development must focus on the following three important stages in the reproductive cycle: pre-mating or weaning to estrus, early gestation and late gestation. The goal is to increase the homogeneity of development of oocytes and conceptuses, decrease variations in conceptus development during implantation and placentation, and improve birth weights of newborn piglets. Though some progress has been made in nutritional regulation of within-litter variation in the birth weight of piglets, additional studies, with a focus on and insights into molecular mechanisms of reproductive physiology from the aspects of maternal growth and offspring development, as well as their regulation by nutrients provided to the sow, are urgently needed.
Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Cattle; Female; Litter Size; Male; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Swine
PubMed: 26055904
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1500010 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Background & aims: Iodine is important for thyroid function during pregnancy to support fetal growth, but studies of maternal iodine status and birth outcomes are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Background & aims: Iodine is important for thyroid function during pregnancy to support fetal growth, but studies of maternal iodine status and birth outcomes are conflicting. We aimed to quantify the association between iodine status and birth outcomes, including potential threshold effects using nonlinear dose−response curves. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and Embase to 10 October 2022 for relevant cohort studies. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), iodine:creatinine ratio (I:Cr), and iodide intake for associations with birth weight, birth weight centile, small for gestational age (SGA), preterm delivery, and other birth outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Meta-analyses were conducted on 23 cohorts with 42269 participants. Birth weight was similar between UIC ≥ 150 μg/L and <150 μg/L (difference = 30 g, 95% CI −22 to 83, p = 0.3, n = 13, I2 = 89%) with no evidence of linear trend (4 g per 50 μg/L, −3 to 10, p = 0.2, n = 12, I2 = 80%). I:Cr was similar, but with nonlinear trend suggesting I:Cr up to 200 μg/g associated with increasing birthweight (p = 0.02, n = 5). Birthweight was 2.0 centiles (0.3 to 3.7, p = 0.02, n = 4, I2 = 0%) higher with UIC ≥ 150 μg/g, but not for I:Cr. UIC ≥ 150 μg/L was associated with lower risk of SGA (RR = 0.85, 0.75 to 0.96, p = 0.01, n = 13, I2 = 0%), but not with I:Cr. Conclusions: The main risk of bias was adjustment for confounding, with variation in urine sample collection and exposure definition. There were modest-sized associations between some measures of iodine status, birth weight, birth weight centile, and SGA. In pregnancy, we recommend that future studies report standardised measures of birth weight that take account of gestational age, such as birth weight centile and SGA. Whilst associations were modest-sized, we recommend maintaining iodine sufficiency in the population, especially for women of childbearing age on restricted diets low in iodide.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Birth Weight; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Iodides; Iodine; Parturition; Premature Birth
PubMed: 36678261
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020387 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Mar 2020The aims of this study are to examine the potential association between grandmaternal BMI and grandchild's birth weight (BW) and whether maternal BW and BMI mediate this...
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study are to examine the potential association between grandmaternal BMI and grandchild's birth weight (BW) and whether maternal BW and BMI mediate this association.
METHODS
Data of 209 grandmother-mother pairs and 355 grandchildren from the Isle of Wight birth cohort in the UK were analyzed using path analysis.
RESULTS
An indirect effect of grandmaternal BMI on increasing grandchild's BW was mediated by maternal BW and BMI at age 18 years (indirect effects: β = 2.3 g/unit increase in grandmaternal BMI via maternal BW and β = 4.4 g via maternal BMI; P = 0.04). These two mediating effects of maternal BW and BMI confounded one another. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy had an indirect effect on decreasing grandchild's BW, dependent on maternal smoking during pregnancy and BW (indirect effects: β = -36.1 g compared with nonsmoking grandmothers via maternal smoking during pregnancy and β = -27.2 g via maternal BW; P = 0.005). Neither direct effect between grandmaternal BMI and grandchild's BW nor that between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and grandchild's BW was statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Larger grandmaternal BMI indirectly increased grandchild's BW via maternal BW and BMI. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy indirectly reduced grandchild's BW via maternal smoking during pregnancy and BW.
Topics: Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Female; Grandparents; Humans; Male; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32012478
DOI: 10.1002/oby.22680 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 2021
Topics: Birth Weight; Genetic Fitness; Humans; Male; Reproduction
PubMed: 34364677
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.006 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2021This study aimed to evaluate gestational weight gain and birth weight in women with gestational diabetes mellitus of two Brazilian cohorts enrolled three decades apart.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate gestational weight gain and birth weight in women with gestational diabetes mellitus of two Brazilian cohorts enrolled three decades apart.
METHODS
The authors compared data of 2362 women from the Lifestyle INtervention for Diabetes Prevention After Pregnancy study (LINDA-Brasil, 2014-2017) to those of 359 women from the Estudo Brasileiro de Diabetes Gestacional study (EBDG, 1991-1995). Gestational weight gain was classified by the 2009 Institute of Medicine criteria; large and small for gestational age newborns, by the Intergrowth-21 chart. Differences in birth weight means between pregestational BMI and gestational weight gain categories were evaluated by ANOVA; the associations of gestational weight gain and birth weight, through multivariable Poisson regression.
RESULTS
In LINDA-Brasil, women presented higher pregestational body mass index (30.3±6.5 vs. 24.6±4.4kg/m) and were frequently obese (46.4 vs. 11.1%) compared to those of the EBDG. In the EBDG, gestational weight gain was larger (11.3±6.1 vs. 9.2±7.6kg) and rates of small for gestational age higher (7.5 vs. 4.5%) compared to LINDA-Brasil. In LINDA-Brasil, excessive gestational weight gain was associated to macrosomia (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.59, 95% CI 1.08-2.35) and large for gestational age (aRR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.05-1.86); less gain increased the risk of low birth weight (aRR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.05-2.62) and small for gestational age (aRR: 1.79; 95% CI 1.03-3.11). These associations were similar in the EBDG, although not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Improvements in gestational weight gain and rates of small for gestational age occurred over time in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies, accompanied by a worsening in maternal weight profile. This highlights the nutritional transition during this period and the importance of avoiding excessive gestational weight gain as well as promoting adequate weight before conception.
Topics: Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Obesity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 32283049
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.02.004 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Sep 2023
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Gestational Age; Birth Weight
PubMed: 37612206
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.08.001 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Oct 2017To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in predicting birth-weight (BW) discordance in twin pregnancy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in predicting birth-weight (BW) discordance in twin pregnancy.
METHODS
Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched using combinations of MeSH terms 'birth weight', 'discordance', 'twins' and 'ultrasound'. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios for the predictive accuracy of sonographically estimated fetal-weight (EFW) discordance and abdominal-circumference (AC) discordance in predicting BW discordance were computed using hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics curves.
RESULTS
Twenty studies (including 5826 twin pregnancies) were included. EFW discordance ≥ 20% had a sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 90.8% in predicting BW discordance ≥ 20%. The predictive performance of ultrasound performed within 1 month, 2 weeks and 3 days before birth was 61.4%, 72.3% and 78.9%, respectively. EFW discordance ≥ 25% had a sensitivity of 57.7% and specificity of 95.2% in predicting BW discordance ≥ 25%. The sensitivity of EFW discordance ≥ 25% detected within 1 month, 2 weeks and 3 days before birth was 60.0%, 75.0% and 60.3%, respectively, while the corresponding values for specificity were 97.7%, 96.2% and 87.3%, respectively. In view of the different cut-offs reported among studies, it was not possible to perform comprehensive data synthesis for each AC discordance cut-off. The optimal diagnostic performance of AC discordance was for prediction of BW discordance ≥ 25%, with a sensitivity of 70.8% and specificity of 86.4%.
CONCLUSION
Ultrasound EFW discordance has an overall moderate accuracy in predicting BW discordance in twin pregnancy. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Birth Weight; Crown-Rump Length; Female; Fetal Weight; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Twin; Prenatal Care; Twins; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 27804184
DOI: 10.1002/uog.17348 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023With increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and changing management of GDM in pregnancy, it is imperative to understand the evolution of its...
BACKGROUND
With increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and changing management of GDM in pregnancy, it is imperative to understand the evolution of its current outcomes. The present study aimed to explore whether birth weight and large for gestational age (LGA) trends in women with GDM have changed over time in southern China.
METHODS
In this hospital-based retrospective study, all singleton live births for the period 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, China. GDM was diagnosed following the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group. The cutoff points for defining LGA (>90th centile) at birth based on INTERGROWTH-21st gender-specific standards. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends for birth weight over the years. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) of LGA between women with GDM and those without GDM.
RESULTS
Data from 115097 women with singleton live births were included. The total prevalence of GDM was 16.8%. GDM prevalence varied across different years, with the lowest prevalence in 2014 (15.0%) and the highest prevalence in 2021 (19.2%). The mean birth weight displayed decrease in women with GDM from 3.224kg in 2012 to 3.134kg in 2021, and the z score for mean birth weight decreased from 0.230 to -0.037 (P for trend < 0.001). Among women with GDM, the prevalence of macrosomia and LGA reduced significantly during the study period (from 5.1% to 3.0% in macrosomia and from 11.8% to 7.7% in LGA, respectively). Compared to women without GDM, women with GDM had 1.30 (95% CI: 1.23 - 1.38) times odds for LGA, and the ORs remained stable over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
Among offspring of women with GDM, there are decreased trends of birth weight in parallel with reductions in LGA prevalence between 2012 and 2021. However, the risk of LGA in women with GDM remains stable at relatively high level over the 10-year period, and efforts are still needed to address regarding causes and effective intervention strategies.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; Birth Weight; Fetal Macrosomia; Pregnant Women; Retrospective Studies; Gestational Age; Obesity; Risk Factors; Weight Gain; Parturition
PubMed: 37214242
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166533